Top 5 Most Nutritious Seafood and Health Benefits

What do you think of when you hear “you must eat healthy”!?! Do you see yourself surrounded by vegetables and fruits!?! If so, you should know that having a healthy life in terms of eating habits does not involve a focus only on vegetables and fruits. There are a lot of other interesting food categories and mixes that have a positive impact on your health and, therefore, should definitely be tried on a regular basis.

One of these categories is SEAFOOD. Although some of you might consider this as only an “exotic” food, proper only for special occasions, you should know that seafood could be a very good ingredient if introduced in your daily diet.

Seafood, besides the fact that is delicious, is a very good source of minerals, vitamins and proteins. Many seafood categories are low in cholesterol and sodium, low in fat (most of this fat is unsaturated – like omega -3 fatty acids – which is a good type of fat), rich in vitamins like A, B6 and B12 and minerals like phosphorus, iron, zinc and potassium.

Just to get you attention, I will next point out the 10 MAIN EXTRAORDINARY BENEFITS that seafood can have on our health:

1. Lower Blood Pressure
2. Reduce the Risk of Heart Diseases and Improve Heart Functions
3. Support Optimal Brain, Eyes and Nerves Development for Children
4. Provide Protection Against Bronchitis
5. Provide Protection Against Emphysema (associated with smoking)
6. Help People in Depression
7. Boost Immune System
8. Prevent Cancer
9. Prevent Osteoporosis and Arthritis
10. Lose Weight

As we can see, the influence seafood can have on our health is extraordinary. However, as for vegetables and fruits, some categories of seafood are better than others. This is why I made a selection of 5 of the most nutritious seafood out there:

1. Salmon

Salmon is a great source of the popular omega-3 fatty acids. This helps reduce risk of heart disease and prevents cancer. These types of acids also have anti-inflammatory functions, help the immune system and the brain. Half a fillet of cooked salmon (175 grams) has about 350 calories and 10 grams of fat. Other cold-water fish like mackerel and tuna are also a great source of omega-3 fatty acids.

However, when buying your salmon, keep in mind to choose the eco-friendly and sustainable option. Avoid the Atlantic farmed one and go for the wild-caught Alaskan salmon.

2. Shellfish (mussels and oysters)

Shellfish are rich in Vitamin B12 which helps the nervous system. They also provide the body with iron and important minerals like potassium and magnesium. Three ounces (about 90 grams) of mussels give you 700 mg of omega-3 fatty acids. The same amount of oysters gives you 44% of the daily recommended value of iron. Three ounces of shellfish also contain about 130 calories and 3 grams of fat.

3. Pink Shrimps

Shrimp are rich in tryptophan and selenium. They are also a great source of protein, having a much better ratio of proteins gained with fats and calories than most foods. Four ounces of shrimp have 23 grams of protein, 112 calories and less than a gram of fat. Shrimps also provide the body with vitamins D and B12. All of these benefit the cardiovascular system and, believe or not, help reduce anxiety and depression.

4. Crabs

Besides the omega-3 fatty acids, protein, selenium and natural sodium, crabs are a great source of vitamin B12 and Zinc, which helps the immune system. Crabs are also low in calories and fat.

5. Sardines

The plain sardines just had to be in our top 5 list. They are the perfect example that your food doesn’t have to be expensive in order to be nutritious.

Sardines have more omega-3 acids per serving than any other food! 3 ounces (approximately 90 grams) of sardines are packed with almost 2 grams of these miracle-acids. These make them great for brain memory and performance. Also, sardines have a high level of vitamin D, which is essential in making your bones stronger.

Popularity: 5% [?]

5 Products to Avoid for a Healthy Skin

The basic nutrition rules are also valid for the aspect of our skin. Color, texture and tonus of the skin are all the result of constant consumption of vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids etc. It doesn’t matter how many creams and lotions we use if we eat improper. So…what we eat is written on our skin!

Here are 5 of the most damaging products for our skin:

1. Sugar

Sugar makes you look older. It doesn’t only make you fat, but also destroys important elements within our bodies. Most vulnerable to such damage are collagen and elastin fibres, which keep our skin firm and elastic – making it look fresh and young. When we consume food products containing sugar (like chocolate, candies, juices etc.), the sugar molecules in our bloodstream stick to protein fibres (collagen and elastin), modifying their form and properties. When damaged, collagen and elastin transform from elastic fibres to dry and easily breakable ones. Also, such modified molecules can deactivate body’s natural antioxidant enzymes with protect the body from sun damage, which also has an important contribution to skin aging process.

2. Milk

Although this might sound strange, you must know that it is true. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of milk on our skin. One of the most important finding was that there is a positive connection between milk intake (both total and skim) and acne. Researchers believe that this is the effect of hormones and other bioactive molecules within milk. As hormones and other stimulating chemicals are more and more used in the feeding process of cows, this problem will probably persist in the future.

3. Alcohol

When consumed in moderation, some alcoholic drinks (mainly wine) might have a positive effect on our health. Still, another effect of alcohol is blood vessel dilatation in the skin. Excessive consumption of alcohol will lead to a chronic dilation of capillaries causing problems for the skin. It is believed that alcohol also makes acne worse.

4. Processed meat

Such food products contain nitrites, fats, salt and other ingredients that damage the skin. One of the worst ingredient is sodium nitrate (used as a preservative for processed meat) which is also believed to cause several types of cancer.

5. Hydrogenated vegetable oil

Such oil is found in significant quantities in margarine, cooking oil, baked products etc. The hydrogenation process of vegetable oil is responsible for the destruction of all nutritional value of original oil. This process creates a mixture of unnatural fats (most of which are trans fatty acids) with have a devastating effect on our health. Such fats cause heart diseases, cancer, diabetes and also damage the immune system. Also, obesity is another effect, which as we all know if becoming a very serious problem nowadays. Being overweight can cause many serious skin problems due to hormone changes. Some of these problems are: stretch marks due to skin stretching; increased strain of leg veins can cause swellings, varicose veins and fluid retention; the extra weight will cause feet to develop problems like calluses and corns; finally, skin rashes and infections might develop due to the growth of bacteria within the body, which in turn is caused by the extra moisture retained in the body.

All the skin problems mentioned above can be avoided with a healthy life style and a well balanced diet. Some of the most important nutrients that contribute to a healthy skin are:

1. Zinc (found in eggs, nuts, oats, oysters, pecans)
2. Omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish)
3. Silica (found in green beans, mango, cucumber, strawberries etc.)
4. Vitamin C and E (found in: C – broccoli, oranges, lemons, apples, blackberries etc. and E – seeds, tomatoes, asparagus, whole grains etc.)

I hope the information included in this article will be useful for you and hopefully you will not forget that – What we eat is how we look!!!

Popularity: 8% [?]

7 Most Important Nutrients To Boost Your Memory

Memory is the mental activity of recalling learned and/or experienced information.

There are 2 types of memory:

1. Short-term memory
2. Long-term memory

In short-term memory information is stored for a few seconds or a few minutes. Such memory is fragile and is able to hold an average of seven items (phone numbers, credit card numbers, etc.).

In long-term memory we store information for our life / jobs / etc. Sometimes, accessing information stored in long-term memory requires a conscious effort to recall: personal memories related to our experiences (episodic memory), factual data not connected to time or place (semantic memory), skills and performed routines (procedural memory).

The most important areas of the brain for retention and formation of memory are:

1. CEREBRAL CORTEX: the outer layer of the brain; stores most long-term memory
2. HIPPOCAMPUS: transforms information into memory
3. AMYGDALA: processes emotions and imprints the memories involving emotions
4. NEURONS: form a network into our brains used for communication

The connection between our memory and food is extremely complex. Researchers are still trying to figure out how memory is affected by what we eat.

Still, researchers indicate that the following 7 nutrients are some of the best when speaking of brain functions stimulation and nurture:

1. Vitamin B1 – best sources: grains, sunflower seeds, beans and even pork;

2. Vitamin B3 – best sources: peanuts, mushrooms, chicken, tuna and beef;

3. Vitamin B6 – best sources: broccoli, spinach, bananas;

4. Vitamin B12 – best sources: animal products;

5. Folic acid – best sources: green leafy vegetables, sprouts and oranges;

6. Vitamin C and E, beta caroten – these antioxidants fight free radicals (atoms formed when oxygen interacts with certain molecules). Free radicals are highly reactive and can damage cells. Antioxidants neutralize them and also improve the flow of oxygen through the body and brain. These antioxidants can be found in berries, tomatoes, spinach, broccoli, nuts, citrus fruits, liver, etc.;

7. Omega 3 fatty acids – these acids are concentrated in the brain and are associated with cognitive function. The best sources for them are: fish (like tuna, salmon, herring, mackerel, etc.) and walnuts.

Do not forget that nutrients are best assimilated and most effective when they are extracted from food products.

Popularity: 10% [?]

2 of the Most Important Elements in Fruits

1. Water in Fruits

Water plays an important part in our lives. 70% of our planet is covered with water, resembling with the human body that consist of 80% water. So, it seems that we should control our water intake in order to maintain the “volume” of water in our bodies.

Some might say that we could drink 2 bottles of water a day and have the intake covered. If you think that this is the proper solution, think again!

You don’t have to flood your body with water, you only have to consume food that is rich in water. So, the best sources of water for the human body are fruits and vegetables.

Fruits have the highest water content of any other food. Additionally, they contain all the vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acids needed by the human body.

The results of a survey outlined that those who eat fruits at every meal tend to want to eat less food at the next meal, resulting in a very safe and healthy weight loss diet. The main factor influencing our appetite might be the sugar content (glucose) in fruits.

Some researchers also found that fruits contain a substance that can reduce the risks of heart attacks and heart diseases. The substances prevent the blood from becoming to thick and plugging up the arteries.

Water helps our bodies to integrate nutritious elements contained by food. A faster integration of nutritional elements means a faster digestion. By digesting food quicker our bodies can use their energy for other purposes that digestion (our bodies save energy).

For example, grilled meat is digested in approximately 8 hours, while a fruit salad digested in 30 minutes or less.

Additionally, fruits do not even digest in the stomach. Most of them (except dried fruits, dates and bananas) are pre-digested in 20-30 minutes. As they pass through the stomach, they break down and release their nutrients in the intestines.

2. Glucose

The extraction of energy from fruits is a relatively difficult process. Everything we eat or drink has to be digested in order to obtain energy for our bodies. There are 2 different ways of extracting energy from food:
- BURNING WITH OXYGEN, for sugar and fat (fruits, etc.)
- BURNING WITHOUT OXYGEN, for proteins (meat, dairy, etc.)

This process is one of the most effective ones for the human body. The energy of fruits is concentrated in the form of sugars (glucose). The human body uses oxygen in order to transform glucose into energy. After transforming glucose into energy, the waste products remaining after this reaction are water and carbon-dioxide. Water is used by the human body, while carbon-dioxide is eliminated through the lungs by breathing.

When referring to extracting energy, this process is 3 times more effective as compared to a combustion engine. By transforming glucose in energy, the body extracts about 50% of the contained energy, while a combustion engine uses only 10-20% of the energy (the rest is lost through heat).

As regards the other burning process, without oxygen, the energy is extracted from proteins. Products like meat, milk, dairy, etc. contain energy in the form of proteins and fat. The process of transforming proteins into energy is more difficult and time-consuming. Additionally, the body uses more energy to transform proteins as compared to glucose.

The waste products of this burning process is ammonia which is connected to carbon-dioxide and forms the less toxic ureum which is excreted by kidneys.

Our bodies always burn a mix of glucose and fat. The ratio of the fat and the glucose in the burning process depends of the intensity of the activity carried out by a person.

Low intensity activities tend to burn more fat than glucose, while high intensity or duration activities tend to burn more glucose.

Let’s take for example two of the most common exercises: walking and running.

Walking for 30 minutes will force your body to burn about 110 kcal of fat and about 60 kcal of glucose.
A major difference occurs if we change the intensity of the exercise. So, running for 30 minutes will force your body to consume about 120 kcal of fat (10 kcal more as compared to walking – not a major difference) and about 250 kcal of glucose (4 times more as compared to walking – a major difference).

Additionally, some believe that more muscles means less fat. With a higher muscle to fat ratio you must burn extra energy, some of it resulting from stored fat.

Here are some interesting examples that might help you when deciding on a fruit (in terms of provided energy):

1. Dates: 300 kcal and 20% water
2. Olives: 142 kcal and 75% water
3. Avocados: 126 kcal and 81%
4. Bananas: 88 kcal and 76%
5. Pomegranates: 81 kcal and 82% water
6. Figs: 80 kcal and 80% water
7. Persimmons: 76 kcal and 81% water
8. Lychees: 76 kcal and 82% water
9. Guavas: 72 kcal and 81% water
10. Kumquats: 68 kcal and 82% water

Here is a brief description of main 3 fruits in terms of provided energy:

1. Dates

The Date Palm is native to the desert oases of northern Africa. The Date Palm tree has a very old history, evidence of its cultivation suggesting it could be found in ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt and Arabia. Today, the palm is often cultivated for its fruit.

Dates are believed to have many traditional medicinal uses. They can be used as a detersive (due to its high content of tiannin) and as an astringent. Also, dates can help against sore throat, fever, colds and other problems. Also, some believe that dates can help against alcohol intoxication.

Dates can be eaten in four stages from unripe to sun-dried. It is very helpful to eat dates unripe because they provide a large amount of vitamin C. Dates contain a small quantity of water, so by drying them you won’t concentrate them very much, although the fruit will lose vitamin C.

Nevertheless, 100g of dried dates provides you with about 300 Kcal and almost none of them come from fat.

2. Olives

The olive fruit is very popular among countries near Mediterranean Sea. References of olive are made in old literature like Iliad and Odyssey, were olive oil is viewed as a luxury, accessible only to the wealthy. Today, olives still play an important part in the economy and culture of these countries.

Olives have many uses in cuisine: in cocktails (as an adjunct to martini), bread, sausages, etc. Olives are rich in vitamin E, minerals, monounsaturated fats, and anti-oxidants. 100 grams of canned olives contain about 142 kcal, approximately 100 of them coming from fat.

3. Avocados

The avocado tree originates from Mexico and Central America. The word “avocado” comes from the Spanish “aguacate”, which comes from the Aztec “ahuacatl”, meaning “testicle”. The fruit was named this way because of its shape.

The avocado leaves contain a toxic fatty acid derivate named persin. This causes some animals to be harmed or killed if they eat them. The fruit is also poisonous to birds; however, there are no negative effects on humans, besides those who are allergic to it.

Avocado provides nearly 20 vitamins including vitamin E, vitamin C, folate, fiber, iron, potassium, lutein and beta-carotene. 100 grams of avocado can provide about 126 calories, of which 110 kcal are from fat.

Popularity: 16% [?]

Top 5 Most Nutritious Vegetables in The World

According to Dr. Everett Koop (former US Surgeon General) and to Health magazine, 10 of the most nutritious vegetables in the world are:

1. Broccoli
2. Spinach
3. Brussels sprouts
4. Lima beans
5. Peas
6. Asparagus
7. Artichokes
8. Cauliflower
9. Sweet potatoes
10. Carrots

1. Broccoli

Broccoli belongs to the cabbage family (Brassicaceae – to be more specific). The green flower heads and the stalk of the plant are both edible. Broccoli plants are closely related to cauliflowers, although the plants have extremely different colors.

Broccoli contains high quantities of vitamin C, soluble fibers and the compound glucoraphanin. Glucoraphanin in broccoli leads to anticancer compound sulforaphane.

Referring to the history of broccoli, the plant was first mentioned in France in 1560 (the name “broccoli” is Italian). 150 years later, in England, the plant was still unknown and was called “sprout colli-flower” or “Italian asparagus”.

During the centuries, broccoli has became a very popular vegetable. The plant is now mentioned in a lot of TV shows, cartoons. There even is a world contest for eating broccoli. The actual champion is Tom “Broccoli” Landers, who ate 1 pound of broccoli in 92 seconds. The secret, he says, is: “Just swallow, don’t bother to chew”.

Eating 100g of raw broccoli can give you (according to the USDA Nutrient database):

• Energy – 30 kcal / 140 kJ
• Carbohydrates – 5 g
• Sugars – 1.7 g
• Dietary fiber – 6.64 g
• Fat – 0.37 g
• Protein – 2.82 g
• Thiamin (Vitamin B1) – 0.071 mg (5% of the daily recommended doze for adults)
• Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) – 0.117 mg (8%)
• Niacin (Vitamin B3) – 0.639 mg (4%)
• Pantothenic acid (B5) – 0.573 mg (11%)
• Vitamin B6 – 0.175 mg (13%)Folate (Vitamin B9) – 63 µg (16%)
• Vitamin C – 89.2 mg (149%)
• Calcium – 47 mg (5%)
• Iron – 0.73 mg (6%)
• Magnesium – 21 mg (6%)
• Phosphorus – 66 mg (9%)
• Potassium – 316 mg (7%)
• Zinc – 0.41 mg (4%)

So, by eating 100 g of broccoli, your body gathers two times more vitamin C as compared to oranges. Also, broccoli has only 0.37 g of fat, while chicken breast and steak have 7 g and 18 g, respectively. Broccoli has almost half of the total quantity of calcium in milk (in 100 g of milk there are 113 mg of calcium, while broccoli has 47 mg).

Although it might seem a little strange, broccoli is not seen only as a very healthy and nutritious food. There are a lot of delicious cakes that are made of broccoli. Here an example for you:

BROCCOLI CAKE

• 500 g unsalted butter, softened
• 800 g broccoli, cut into florets
• 100 g caster sugar
• 7 eggs
• 550 g plain flour, sifted
• 1.5 teaspoons of baking powder
• 1 rounded teaspoon of ground turmeric
• 1 teaspoon of curry powder
• 0.5 teaspoon of salt

Preparation: the oven is first heated to 180ºC; butter a 25 cm loaf tin and line its base and sides with parchment paper; blanch the broccoli in boiling water for about 3 minutes, then drain well; beat the butter till it is very light and creamy, then beat in the sugar; add the eggs, one at a time, beating well after each addition; mix together the baking powder, turmeric, curry powder and salt, and fold into the mixture with the flour; mix well and spoon into the preferred thin; push the broccoli into the mixture; bake for 40 – 45 minutes or until a knife inserted in the centre comes out clean.

2. Spinach

Spinach belongs to the Amaranthaceae family, native to central and southwestern Asia. At the beginning, spinach was cultivated in Persia and in 647 arrived to China where it was called “the herb of Persia”.

In the past, spinach was considered to be one of the best sources of iron. In reality, 100 g of raw spinach has 2.7 mg of iron (about 22% of the daily recommended doze for adults), a very high concentration for a vegetable but not as high as people believed in the past.

Still, the quantity of iron made available by spinach for the human body depends on its absorption. Iron enters the body in two forms: heme and nonheme iron. All the iron in grains and vegetables and more than half of the iron in animal food sources is nonheme iron. Heme iron can be found only in meat and in smaller quantities.

Nonheme iron is absorbed much slower as compared to heme iron. Still, the absorption process is influenced by the presence of other elements, like: binders – fiber, enhancers – vitamin C, etc.

So, the good news is that consuming foods rich in vitamin C increases the absorption of iron. However, the bad news is that spinach contains high levels of oxalate, substance that binds with iron to form ferrous oxalate and remove iron from the body (consuming foods with high levels of oxalates will decrease substantially the quantity of iron absorbed by the human body).

A funny thing about spinach is that in 1870, Dr. E. von Wolf published an iron content in spinach that was ten times too high. The scientist misplaced a decimal point in his publication, transforming spinach in the most miraculous vegetable in the world. This lead to numerous stories, including the famous “Popey the sailor man”. Still, the truth was revealed in 1937 by a German chemist who corrected the mistake.

Besides iron, spinach is also a good source of calcium. Calcium absorption, as iron absorption, is influenced by oxalate. The body can only absorb about 5% of the total quantity of calcium in spinach.

Spinach also contains Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, antioxidants and folic acid. The most important nutrients in spinach (100 g), as mentioned in the USDA Nutrient Database, are presented below:

• Energy – 20 kcal/100 kj
• Carbohydrates – 3.6 g
• Sugars – 0.4 g
• Dietary fiber – 2.2 g
• Fat – 0.4 g
• Protein – 2.9 g
• Folate (Vitamin B9) – 194 µg (49% of the daily recommended doze for adults)
• Vitamin C – 28 mg (47%)
• Vitamin E – 2 mg (13%)
• Vitamin K – 483 µg (460%)
• Calcium – 99 mg (10%)
• Iron – 2.7 mg (22%)

Caution: reheating spinach may cause the formation of poisonous compounds that are especially harmful to infants younger than six months.

The nutrients in spinach are very important for red blood cell formation, growth and cell division and protein metabolism. It also contains lutein, a very important antioxidant for eye, skin and cardiovascular health. Vitamin C and vitamin A plus the folic acid and fiber help the body fight cancer, especially colon, lung and breast cancer. Spinach also protects the body against heart diseases and against age related memory loss (flavonoids).

One of the best dishes, using spinach, is Spinach Souffle. Here’s how to prepare it:

• 1 egg
• 1/3 cup of low fat milk
• 1/3 cup granted parmesan cheese
• 1 teaspoon crushed garlic
• Salt and pepper
• (10 ounce) packages of spinach

How to prepare: preheat oven to 175º C; whisk together egg, milk, cheese, garlic, salt and pepper; fold in spinach; bake in preheated oven for 20 minutes.

3. Brussels sprouts

The Brussels sprout is part of the cabbage family and it is cultivated for its small leafy green heads, much like miniature cabbages.

The name of the Brussels sprout comes from the capital of Belgium: Brussels, as it was first cultivated in this country. Today, this vegetable is cultivated mainly throughout Europe and the United States.

Brussels sprouts are the most hated vegetable in the UK (according to a survey conducted in the UK in 2002). The main reason for this dissatisfaction with Brussels sprouts is that, when overcooked, the vegetable releases sulphurous compounds that give it an unpleasant smell. Thus, Brussels sprout has become a symbol for all vegetables hated by children.

Brussels sprouts are a very good source of vitamin A, vitamin C and folic acid. Also, this vegetable contains high amounts of fiber, potassium and folacin. Brussels sprout is also high in protein, very uncommon for a green vegetable.

According to USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, 100 grams of raw Brussels sprout contains 43 kcal and 0.30 g of fat. The most important nutrients found in this amount of raw Brussels sprout are:

• Protein: 3.38g
• Carbohydrate: 8.95g
• Dietary fiber: 3.8g
• Sugars: 2.20g
• Calcium: 42mg
• Iron: 1.40mg
• Magnesium: 23mg
• Phosphorus: 69mg
• Potassium: 389mg
• Manganese: 0.337mg
• Vitamin C: 85.0mg
• Thiamin (vitamin B1): 0.139mg
• Riboflavin (vitamin B2): 0.090mg
• Niacin (vitamin B3): 0.745mg
• Vitamin B6: 0.219mg
• Folate: 61mcg
• Vitamin A: 754IU
• Vitamin K: 177.0mcg
• Tryptophan: 0.037g
• Carotene, beta: 450mcg
• Lutein + zeaxanthin: 1590mcg

The phytochemicals in Brussels sprout, like beta Carotene, Lutein and Zeaxanthin help the natural defense system of the body.

Brussels sprouts are particularly good for pregnant women, due to its high amount of folic acid. This nutrient is a B-vitamin needed during the cellular division, as it is essential in DNA synthesis.

It is known that Brussels sprouts’ glucosinolates help prevent colon cancer. In a study, animals were given water supplemented with Brussels sprouts. As a result the development of pre-cancerous cells was reduced by 41-52% in the colon and 27-67% in the liver. Also, the pre-cancerous lesions in the liver were reduced by 85-91%.

There are many ways to cook Brussels sprouts, but it is best to quickly steam or boil it in order to preserve its nutritional value. The main problem when cooking Brussels sprouts is to avoid overcooking in order to prevent the release of bad smells (caused by sulphurous compounds) and loss of nutritious elements.

When cooking Brussels sprouts, there might be an unbalance caused by the fact that leaves cook faster than the core. Many believe that by cutting the base of the stem in a cross shape will result in a more even cooking. However, there are some people who think that this leaches the flavors and breaks the leaves and the Brussels sprouts.

Usually, this vegetable should not be cooked for more than 10 minutes, when steaming, braising or boiling.

4. Lima beans

Very popular in the United States, Lima beans are part of the fabaceae family. Their place of origin is uncertain, but it is believed that they came from the South American country of Peru (the capital of Peru is Lima, from witch this vegetable gets its name) or Guatemala.

The seeds of Lima beans usually have a green or cream color, with a sweet potato-like taste and a grainy, but creamy texture. Among the many varieties of Lima beans, the most common is the Fordhok, also known as butter-beans. Lima beans are very high in molybdenum, tryptophan, dietary fiber and manganese. Also, this vegetable is a good source of folate, potassium, and iron. As we can see in the following list, Lima beans contain a series of nutrients, very helpful to the body. For example, in 100 g of lima beans you can find the followings:

• Energy: 38kcal
• Protein: 21.46g
• Fat: 0.69g
• Carbohydrate: 63.38g
• Dietary fiber: 19.0g
• Sugars: 8.50g
• Calcium: 81mg
• Iron: 7.51mg
• Magnesium: 224mg
• Phosphorus: 385mg
• Potassium: 1724mg
• Thiamin (vitamin B1): 0.507mg
• Riboflavin (vitamin B2): 0.202mg
• Niacin (vitamin B3): 1.537mg
• Vitamin B6: 0.512mg
• Tryptophan: 0.254g

The source of the data is the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference.

Like any other beans, Lima beans are very rich in dietary fiber. Due to this nutrient, this vegetable lowers the cholesterol and prevents blood glucose (blood sugar) from rising to high. This is very useful for diabetics or people suffering of hypoglycemia.

The trace mineral, molybdenum, found in Lima beans is a component of the sulfite oxidase. This substance is an enzyme that detoxifies sulfites. Sulfites are preservatives used in salads that may cause rapid heartbeats, headaches or disorientation. People may have sensitivity to sulfites because of insufficient sulfite oxidase. 86.5% of the daily requirement of molybdenum can be provided by a cup of Lima beans.

According to the Archives of Internal Medicine, foods that are high in fiber, such as Lima beans can prevent heart disease. A study performed in America (for 19 years) concluded that eating 21 grams of fiber daily, lowers the risk of coronary heart disease by 12% and cardiovascular disease by 11% as compared to eating only 5 grams of fiber every day.

The folate in Lima beans also has cardiovascular benefits by reducing the levels of amino acid called homocysteine. High quantities of homocysteine in blood can cause heart attacks, strokes or peripheral vascular diseases. It is known that eating the total daily requirement of folate lowers the risk of heart attacks by 10%.

Besides fiber and folate, Lima beans have another nutrient that helps the heart: magnesium. This keeps the veins and arteries relaxed and smoothens the flow of blood through the body. Deficiency of magnesium is often associated with heart attacks. A cup of lima beans can offer 20.2% of the daily value of required magnesium.

Combined with whole grain, like brown rice or whole wheat pasta, Lima beans offer about the same quantity of protein as meat or other foods high in calories or fat that could increase your cholesterol level. In fact, a cup of Lima beans has 29.3% of the daily requirement of protein (14.7 grams).

5. Peas

Like Lima beans, peas are part of the fabaceae family. Peas come in many forms, each one having a delicious sweaty flavor, a smooth texture and lots of vitamins and minerals. The most common variety of Peas, are the Green Peas (also known as Garden Peas).

Peas have a very old and interesting history. It seems that Chinese were the first ones to taste this delicious vegetable in year 2000 BC. Through time, peas spread in Asia and Europe. Also, there are mentions of peas in the Bible and evidence that proves that this vegetable was worshipped in Egypt, Greece and Rome. The great producers of today’s peas are the United States, Great Britain, China, Hungary and India.

Peas are quite famous in the genetics community. In the year 1866, the monk and biologist Gregor Mendel published his ideas on heredity. By a selective cross-breeding on common pea plants, Mendel came to conclude his observations in two principles: the principle of segregation and the principle of independent assortment. These two principles of inheritance are today’s modern science of genetics.

Green peas are rich in vitamin C, vitamin K, magnese, dietary fiber, vitamin B1 and folate. Here is the nutritional profile of 100 grams of raw green peas provided by USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference:

• Energy: 81kcal
• Protein: 5.42g
• Fat: 0.40g
• Carbohydrate: 14.46g
• Dietary fiber: 5.1g
• Sugars: 5.67g
• Calcium: 25mg
• Iron: 1.47mg
• Magnesium: 33mg
• Phosphorus: 108mg
• Potassium: 244mg
• Zinc: 1.24mg
• Copper: 0.176mg
• Manganese: 0.410mg
• Vitamin C: 40.0mg
• Thiamin (vitamin B1): 0.266mg
• Riboflavin (vitamin B2): 0.132mg
• Niacin (vitamin B3): 2.090mg
• Vitamin B6: 0.169mg
• Folate: 65mcg
• Vitamin A: 765IU
• Vitamin K: 24.8mcg
• Tryptophan: 0.037g

The high amount of vitamin K1 from green peas makes them very important for your bone health. This vitamin activates a protein called osteocalcin. Without this protein, the absorption of calcium in the bone would not be possible.

In addition to the upper mentioned effects of green peas on calcium absorption, this vegetable is rich in folic acid and vitamin B6 that work together to reduce the levels of homocysteine. Besides affecting the cardiovascular health, this amino acid can conduct to poor bones and osteoporosis by obstructing collagen cross-linking.

Green peas are an excellent way to increase your energy. The vitamins B1, B2, B3 and B6 from green peas are necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. The iron is necessary for blood cells. Deficiency of iron can result in anemia, fatigue or a week immune system.

Peas are at their best when eaten raw or barely steamed. The classic way to cook green peas is with lettuce leaves. You can also add some fresh peas in green salads. A delicious mixture is green peas with chicken, onions and almonds for an extraordinary chicken salad.

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